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Theor Appl Genet 109:1295–1302īörner A, Schumann E, Fürste A, Cöster H, Leithold B, Röder MS, Weber WE (2002) Mapping of quantitative trait loci determining agronomic important characters in hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 113:1171–1183īlake NK, Sherman JD, Dvorak J, Talbert LE (2004) Genome specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat. Cost-effective and co-dominant SNP markers were developed using temperature-switch (TS)-PCR and are being used for marker-assisted selection of doubled haploid lines with enhanced grain yield and starch content in winter wheat breeding programs.īao JS, Corke H, Sun M (2006) Nucleotide diversity in starch synthase IIa and validation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to starch gelatinization temperature and other physicochemical properties in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Three unique nucleotides C+A+T at SNP5, SNP6 and SNP12 formed Wx-B1-H3, which was significantly associated with increased grain weight, thousand kernel weight, and total starch content in three spring wheat genotypes and five winter wheat genotypes. Twenty-two, 15 and 1 SNPs were detected and formed nine, five and two haplotypes for Wx- A1, Wx- B1 and Wx- D1, respectively. However, no association was found between these SNPs and seven yield-related traits. Thirty, 23 and 5 SNPs were identified and formed five, six and five haplotypes for SSIIa- A1, SSIIa- B1 and SSIIa- D1, respectively. The average SNP frequencies in exon and intron regions were 1 SNP/322 bp and 1 SNP/228 bp, respectively. SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) frequency ranged from 1 SNP/3,648 bp for Wx- D1 to 1 SNP/135 bp for SSIIa- A1, with an average of 1 SNP/230 bp. The Wx genes contained 12 exons separated by 11 introns. The first exon (5′-UTR) and the first intron of the three homoeologous Wx genes were isolated using expressed sequence tag sequences.
Nucleotide diversity, haplotype analysis and association mapping were performed. Two starch biosynthesis genes, the waxy ( Wx) genes and the starch synthase IIa ( SSIIa) genes, were amplified and sequenced in 92 diverse wheat genotypes using genome-specific primers. The biosynthesis of starch is the major determinant of yield in wheat. Wheat is one of the world’s most important cereal crops. Development of high-yielding cereal crops could meet increasing global demands for food, feed and bio-fuels.